Star Trek

First off the determination of what the Universe is made of as it pertains to the ether must be found. This would only include the open space that is not occupied by planets, suns or other planetary bodies.

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In the currently popular model of the Universe, 70% is thought to be dark energy, 25% dark matter and 5% normal matter. But ESA¿s X-ray observatory, XMM-Newton, has returned new data about this content. XMM-Newton has found puzzling differences between today¿s clusters of galaxies and those in the Universe around seven thousand million years ago. Some scientists interpret this to mean that the ¿dark energy¿ which most astronomers now believe dominates the Universe simply does not exist.

http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMTQO274OD_extreme_0.html

First we have to look at the word popular, which means is not true but is widely recognized and becomes a supposed truth just to make money for someone without someone really having to think or do any work to find out the truth or laziness.

Now 70% of the Universe is supposedly made up of 70% dark energy which is later said to not exist. This means that a total of 30% of the Universe is comprised of matter with the remaining 70% being space or that which does not exist. This also goes to prove that planets generate gravity and that within a solar system the area of the solar system will be heavily populated with atoms that produce gravity, either in planetary or solar form which will generate a gravity field that covers a certain amount of distance based on the diametrical size of the planet, whether the planets core is active, inactive or at a various level between these two states. Another contributing factor is what the planet is made up of. Each of the four states of matter, liquid, gas, solid and plasma will produce different types of gravitational forces of influence. The material composition of each state of matter is also crucial to determining how much gravitational force of influence is present.

A liquid sea of methane will produce a different force of gravitational influence when compared to the same volume of the sea being present in its solid state of matter. There would also be a different gravitational force of influence produced when the same methane is in a gaseous state.

All of these factors must be included when determining the amount of gravity produced by a planet.

One way to determine how much gravity is produced is by measuring the weight of person each planet. The weight that is determined based upon the above criteria can then have it's value multiplied by 30,000 miles  to determine  an approximate area of gravitational force of influence covered from the planet producing the gravity.

It would be easier though however if NASA would release data concerning how much fuel was used to leave the Earths gravity and at what point the gravitational force of influence upon the Voyager probe was reduced thus requiring less fuel to propel the probe out of the gravitational force of influence of the Earth.

The next set of problems that would need to be addressed is what wavelength or particle does the gravity being produced function at?

The reason why I say a particle or wavelength is because gravity is a form of energy or energetic force of influence against another energetic source of influence and all forms of energy are either a particle or wavelength.

The next set of problems that would need to be addressed would be to isolate the strongest forces of gravitational influence that is detected. This would be done by scanning each planet and compiling the information of each type of composite and what state the matter is in.

This information would then be crossed indexed with a database of all matter known to date that has been studied in all four states of matter. This information would then be compiled to give a 94% rate of particle or wavelength feedback that would then be sent to a Bussard Ramscoop. The Bussard Ramscoop would then work in the reverse of how it collects hydrogen atoms.

Various Bussard Pallets would then be situated around the ship at specific locations that would, when the wavelength is projected from the Bussard Pallets, would form a 98% perfect bubble around the ship.

The bubble would then divert 95-98% of all matter that is present in front of the ship that is producing a gravitational force of influence upon the ship as the ship accelerates and occupies more space at a faster rate which would create more ¿weight upon the ship thus causing more drag and more fuel to continue to move in a forward momentum.

The ship would then be theoretically able to move at a faster rate of velocity given the fact that the force of gravitational influence placed upon the ship would be diverted around the ship as the ship moved forward. The ship could then use less fuel to obtain a higher rate of velocity, where the ship would cover more distance then it would have been able to without the bubble around it.

Since the force of gravitational influence that is present on the ship in the form of weight that is produced between the particles of an atom, then the actual weight of the ship would be considerably less then if the weight was placed upon it. This would allow our ship to go faster then the speed of light because of the non-existence of the drag created by the matter that the ship would be traveling through at less then light speed velocity.

To slow the ships forward momentum down the Bussard Pallets and forward Bussard Deflector Array would shorten the wavelength's produced bringing the weight closer to the ship. This would cause the inertia of the ship to change to a slower speed as the engines also slowed their rate of energetic release.

The next question would be whether to use magnetic wavelengths or electromagnetic wavelengths when generating the repulsory
wavelength from the Bussard Pallet's and the Main Bussard Deflector Array.

Once question that can be answered to what type of alloy to use can be determined as titanium. The alloy for the ship, at least the majority of the structural components would have to be an alloy that does not have magnetic properties or conduct electricity at all. Both of these criteria would eliminate the weight applied to the ship as it increased velocity. I think I can explain this now.

Imagine yourself in a bobcat, and you have a 40 foot length of sheet metal that has been used to make cans out of. All that remains are the blanks where the cans were cut from. The alloy is an 1/8" think and very flimsy. Now 40' length is broken down into sections each 2 feet squared. The bobcat (our starship) begins pushing on the length. Each of the sections represent a level of atoms in space that reaction to a force of influence against them. As the bobcat pushes on more and more sections, the weight of each section is pushing back against the bobcat requiring the bobcat to use more fuel and weight when pushing against the sections. Eventually the bobcat will stop as the amount of fuel is spent and the amount of force of influence placed against the bobcat surpasses the bobcats ability to maintain a forward momentum.  This is the same affect that our starship would encounter when accelerating to light speed and faster. The more space that the ship occupied at a faster rate of velocity the more free matter, or atoms that are roaming freely in space would be encountered.

I am not certain that the same affect would be encountered with a non-magnetic type of alloy, but having a field around the ship would eliminate this problem by upto maybe 80 to 90%.

Quote (dryson @ June 26 2009, 12:05 pm)

First off the determination of what the Universe is made of as it pertains to the ether must be found. This would only include the open space that is not occupied by planets, suns or other planetary bodies. Quote In the currently popular model of the Universe, 70% is thought to be dark energy, 25% dark matter and 5% normal matter. But ESA?s X-ray observatory, XMM-Newton, has returned new data about this content. XMM-Newton has found puzzling differences between today?s clusters of galaxies and those in the Universe around seven thousand million years ago. Some scientists interpret this to mean that the ?dark energy? which most astronomers now believe dominates the Universe simply does not exist. http://www.esa.int/esaSC/SEMTQO274OD_extreme_0.html First we have to look at the word popular, which means is not true but is widely recognized and becomes a supposed truth just to make money for someone without someone really having to think or do any work to find out the truth or laziness. Now 70% of the Universe is supposedly made up of 70% dark energy which is later said to not exist. This means that a total of 30% of the Universe is comprised of matter with the remaining 70% being space or that which does not exist. This also goes to prove that planets generate gravity and that within a solar system the area of the solar system will be heavily populated with atoms that produce gravity, either in planetary or solar form which will generate a gravity field that covers a certain amount of distance based on the diametrical size of the planet, whether the planets core is active, inactive or at a various level between these two states. Another contributing factor is what the planet is made up of. Each of the four states of matter, liquid, gas, solid and plasma will produce different types of gravitational forces of influence. The material composition of each state of matter is also crucial to determining how much gravitational force of influence is present. A liquid sea of methane will produce a different force of gravitational influence when compared to the same volume of the sea being present in its solid state of matter. There would also be a different gravitational force of influence produced when the same methane is in a gaseous state. All of these factors must be included when determining the amount of gravity produced by a planet. One way to determine how much gravity is produced is by measuring the weight of person each planet. The weight that is determined based upon the above criteria can then have it's value multiplied by 30,000 miles ¿to determine ¿an approximate area of gravitational force of influence covered from the planet producing the gravity. It would be easier though however if NASA would release data concerning how much fuel was used to leave the Earths gravity and at what point the gravitational force of influence upon the Voyager probe was reduced thus requiring less fuel to propel the probe out of the gravitational force of influence of the Earth.

problem is no sea of methane has been detect in space, as it stand no constant large volume of matter is detect in space.
The average detect density of matter is about 1 atom  per Cubic CM in outer space. this is less than in any vacuum we can create in a lab!

We know this by studying the light from distant stars and even the sun. Light traveling thru matter undergoes specific reactions that can be seen via spectrographs.

What the article state is what has been observe earily in the life span of the universe, also we are not sure of the source of these early X-rays. From what we can see now the current state of the universe is devoid of matter, so the big question is where did it all go if it was the source of x rays.

As stated before Gravity is not the reason we cannot exceed the speed of light, it is inertia. Gravity cannot be the cause of inertia since inertia of an object doesnot change due to gravity. Weight does, and no matter the force of gravity, an object maintain the same inertia whether it on the moon or earth which is different than weight.

Now in star trek there is a device called inertia dampers which can literally reduce inertia, this is why Enterprise can achieve 70 psl under impulse drive, but even reducing inertia would still limit you to the speed of light as this is a fundamental property of space time itself. Space will only allow objects and electromagnetic wave to travel at this velocity. As it stand we can exceed this speed (  at least light can) in special hi energy plasma.

A proffessor Wang was able to speed a laser pulse to 300 times the speed of light in excited Cesium gas ( which kind of disprove you atomic attraction is limiting us to less than C) that because certain Plasma allow the switch of electrical field to Magnetic field to occur faster than it does in space.
This is also true in special material called Metamaterial that are being research  for uses in special lens and to create invisible cloak.


see following on FTL propagation of light in Wang experiment.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v406/n6793/full/406243a0.html

Now an interesting article of alter Physical vacuum by using the casmir effect to alter the value of C can be found here:
http://www.npl.washington.edu/AV/altvw43.html

In this case we can use this effect to create a FTL Craft..

As for NASA release data concerning how much fuel was used to leave the Earths gravity, basically it not secret, it can easily computed and information is avaliable on line. As it stand the amount of fuel is depend on the type of fuel and payload.

there are actual reference books that give you charts that allow you to compute this according to the fuel,number of stages and weight of payload!

per example to achieve obrit the space shuttle on averate uses 2.2million pounds of rocket fuel to achieve obrit.

The Apollo mission
SATURN V STAGE 1 -  2,149,500 kg
Oxidizer: liquid oxygen
Fuel: RP-1 hydrocarbon

SATURN V STAGE 2 - 451,650 kg
Oxidizer: liquid oxygen
Fuel: liquid hydrogen

SATURN V STAGE 3 -106,940 kg

Oxidizer: liquid oxygen
Fuel: liquid hydrogen


Voyager 2 - used a titan centaur basically a 4 stage rocket


strap on (2) -Propellant: PBAN (SRM), HTPB (SRMU)
Propellant mass: each 295,500 kg (SRM), 344,400 kg (SRMU)

STAGE 1 -
Oxidizer: nitrogen tetroxide
Fuel: Aerozine-50
Propellant mass: 170,000 kg

stage 2 -
Oxidizer: nitrogen tetroxide
Fuel: Aerozine-50
Propellant mass: 38,400 kg

STAGE 3 - Centaur propellants:
23,000 kg liquid oxygen/hydrogen
IUS propellant: 9,818 kg s

it is not a secret..

In May this year, Mugnai et al.4 reported superluminal behaviour in the propagation of microwaves (centimetre wavelengths) over much longer distances (tens of centimetres) at a speed 7% faster than c.

This could be also how gravity functions, faster then the speed of light but over shorter ranges and a much faster rate.

Now back to the structure. I was at work today and it was cloudy. The sun came out for a brief moment heating the area up fairly quickly, then the clouds came back and blocked the sun out returning the temperature to what it was before.

To block out harmful UV rays a hollow cavity between the hull members would need to be built. Gases that comprise the same percentage as the atmosphere here on Earth would then be pressurized and kept in a constant flow through this cavity. This would provide a UV blocking zone to keep harmful UV radiation out of the ships interior.

I still say that mass is just the amount of material inside of an object and that the materials composition when in the presence of gravity is what creates drag due to the magentic and Electromagnetic interaction between the material and the space around the ship.

You have in mind a high pressure ozone layer within the ships hull? Interesting idea. It may need to be impractically thick though.

One of the sci-fi authors I like to read uses vast 'shields' of ice around ships in his books. Both as protection from radiation, and micro meteorites etc. This doesn't seem very practical though as the ships engines would need to be considerably more powerful.

As an aside, instead of travelling FTL, his ships are 'lighthuggers' conventional  ships accelerating up to near lightspeed over several years or decades, and using stasis to keep the crew alive. This may be more achievable than travelling FTL, but isn't as cool!

That is true, but what about the effects of not being in control and end up like the Nostromo and end up in some ass end of a solar system with face huggers trying to get you pregnant? I don't like the idea of automated control, but if a ship were constructed to accomplish what you say could be done and could possibly be used here in the Sol System to travel to Mars or the other planets, then I am all for it. Personally, I'll stay up and pilot the ship.

The ozone shielding: I am thinking that the cavity would need to be proportional to the thickness of the Earths atmosphere. The hull design would go something like this: the outer hull would be the thickest part of the hull that would measure 21" to the cavity wall. This layer of the hull would be called the Karman Hull. ¿The ozone cavity would measure 180" or 15' from the Karman Hull to the interior hull bulkhead (the distance is based off of .005% of 36,000' or the portion of the atmosphere that contains 75% of the gases of Earth's ozone.) Within this cavity would be a series of honeycombed cells. Each cell would contain an x amount of miniature emitters. These emitters ¿would emit a pressurized gas that would remain inert when it came in contact with the other gases but would be able to create enough psi within each cell based off of the proportional values of the gases of the Earths ozone layer at .005% of there ppmv values. The first layer of emitters would line the ventral surface of the cell and emit their gas towards the dorsal surface as well as a mist of hot water, the hot water mist would emit to two feet from the emitter. The second set of emitters would line the dorsal surface of the cell and emit their gas towards the ventral surface of the cell. The dorsal surface of the cell would be lined with cryogenic vanes that would have cryogenic gases kept at
-1 degree's Celsius pumped through them. Small particles of soot would also be emitted through the emitters to create a condensation molecule.

On the walls of the cell would be circulation emitters. These emitters ¿would be angled at various degrees and ¿would fire in a random order to create an artificial circulation of the gases.
The circulation emitters would use the gases in the cell as a means of circulation by venting them into the circulation emitters.

Each cell would be connected to each other via titanium supports at their four parallel surfaces. At the angled surfaces each cell would connect to a central valve block made of titanium. This block would be used to shut off the flow of gases from each cell in case of a cell being damaged. Each valve block would also be attached to a secondary gas cylinder block that would lead to a reserve amount of atmospheric gases in case a problem should occur in a cell where the cell has not been ruptured but has a seeping problem causing it to lose it's gas or in case of the need for an extra amount of a certain type of gas being needed.

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problem is no sea of methane has been detect in space,

Don't the hypothetical lakes on Titan count?

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for example to achieve orbit the space shuttle on average uses 2.2million pounds of rocket fuel to achieve orbit.

So it takes an amount of force of influence to break the gravitational pull of the Earths core which requires a certain amount of fuel released in an energetic way to create the escape velocity that forces the shuttle out of the stronger fields of magnetism that create a weight on the shuttle that as the shuttle goes faster and more layers of the Earths magnetism are encountered at a faster rate the more magnetic weight is placed on the metallic parts of the shuttle thus requiring more fuel to used to continue the energetic release that sends the shuttle into orbit.

This same theory can be applied to FTL and space as well.
Since there are atoms floating freely within space and that gravity is present in the solar system then the problem of going FTL resides in breaking the gravitational bound between light and electromagnetism and magnetism that effect the light photon. Like I have stated before in order to go faster then the speed of light, an area around the ship must be cleared of any atoms that create any type of electromagnetic or magnetic interaction when they come in contact with another type of atom. This would involve bending the gravitational wavelengths of the area that the ship is presently occupying around the ship so that gravity flows around the ship instead of creating a gravitational weight upon the ship that creates a drag that causes the ship to use more fuel in it's attempt to go faster then the speed of light.

One start is to use material that has very little magnetic and electromagnetic properties associated with it.

Anyone know of any material that fits this criteria?

Quote (dryson @ July 01 2009, 8:55 pm)

In May this year, Mugnai et al.4 reported superluminal behaviour in the propagation of microwaves (centimetre wavelengths) over much longer distances (tens of centimetres) at a speed 7% faster than c. This could be also how gravity functions, faster then the speed of light but over shorter ranges and a much faster rate. Now back to the structure. I was at work today and it was cloudy. The sun came out for a brief moment heating the area up fairly quickly, then the clouds came back and blocked the sun out returning the temperature to what it was before. To block out harmful UV rays a hollow cavity between the hull members would need to be built. Gases that comprise the same percentage as the atmosphere here on Earth would then be pressurized and kept in a constant flow through this cavity. This would provide a UV blocking zone to keep harmful UV radiation out of the ships interior. I still say that mass is just the amount of material inside of an object and that the materials composition when in the presence of gravity is what creates drag due to the magentic and Electromagnetic interaction between the material and the space around the ship.

nice to see that you total ignore what i post of why Electromagnetic radiation can exceed the speed of light under special condition:

Quote (GrandLunar2007 @ July 03 2009, 7:58 am)

Quote problem is no sea of methane has been detect in space, Don't the hypothetical lakes on Titan count?

lol.. they are on a moon. There are louds methane in space, but the fact that we can detect these clouds show that they are concertated in fairly small area  compared to the billion upon billions of light years empty space.

Quote (lanceromega @ July 04 2009, 10:33 pm)

wrong since the Speed of light is not depend on gravity ..

I don't understand what you mean by this. Can elaborate? I read dryson's post but as usual its gibberish so I can't glean from it what you were responding to.

Why would you say that the speed fof light does not depend on gravity? It's well known from general relativity that the (coordinate) speed of light (as opposed to the local speed of light) is dependant on the existance and strength of the gravitational field present.